You can use these terms and summaries for review, or print them out and cut them up and use them like we did in class as a timeline card sort. You may also want to use these to create flashcards for review.
Cards
The Missouri Compromise
Northern opposition to another slave state being admitted, and upsetting balance of free/slave states. Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Drew the line for the expansion of slavery at 36 degrees/30 degrees AKA: Mason-Dixon Line
Wilmot Proviso
Proposal that all territories won from Mexico be “free soil.” Passed through the House, but not Senate
Compromise of 1850
Popular Sovereignty for state voters in Mexican Cession area to determine issue of slave or free state. California admitted as free state. Sale of slaves in Washington DC prohibited. New fugitive slave law to be enforced by federal government. Intensified animosity between sections (sectionalism)
Harper’s Ferry Raid
Led by John Brown on a Virginia arsenal, with the hope of arming slaves and starting a rebellion for abolition Further divided north and south. Struck fear in slave owners
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Overturned Missouri Compromise by opening area north of 36’30” to popular sovereignty on slavery issue. Resulted in Bleeding Kansas because of fight between slavery and anti-slavery forces. Led to emergence of Republican party
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Slave sues for freedom after being brought to free territory. Supreme Court rules slaves are property, and have no right to sue, and that Constitution protects property. Declares Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
Abraham Lincoln
He ran for President on free soil position on slavery expansion. His election led to the first state (SC) seceding from the Union due to fears he would abolish slavery.
Fort Sumter
First conflict of the Civil War, when Confederate forces fired upon this Union held garrison.
Battle of Bull Run
First land battle of the Civil War. Confederate victory, showed the people that the war would be much costlier than originally anticipated.
Battle of Antietam
First southern invasion into north. Bloodiest single day of the war. Lee’s troops withdrew. Created opportunity for Lincoln to issue Emancipation Proclamation.
Emancipation Proclamation
Executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln, freed all slaves in states still in rebellion. Thus, actually freed no slaves at the time. Was promoted as a military measure against the south.
Battle of Gettysburg
Second and last southern invasion of north. Bloodiest battle of the war. Key turning point victory for the Union after Lee’s troops retreated.
Battle of Vicksburg
Ulysses Grant led the siege of this city on the Mississippi River. The Confederate surrender led to the Union gaining control of the Mississippi and split the Confederacy into 2, a key component of the Anaconda Plan.
Gettysburg Address
Speech by Lincoln at dedication of cemetery. Describes war as attempt to save national ideals, and ideals of Declaration of Independence
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Following Grant’s total war strategy, this Union general led his forces from the Tenn-GA border to Savannah, destroying everything in their path. The capture of Atlanta was key to Lincoln winning re-election.
Appomattox Courthouse
Site of Robert E. Lee’s surrender to Ulysses Grant, essential ending the Civil War.
Military Reconstruction Act of 1867
Divides South into 5 military districts controlled by US military. Pushed by Radical Republicans who want to punish the south, contrasting with Lincoln/Johnson’s 10% plan, offering lenient terms to the former Confederate states.
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery in the United States.
14th Amendment
Overturned Dred Scott Case, recognized citizenship of African Americans, upheld rights of all citizens to due process and equal protections.
15th Amendment
Right for all males to vote, regardless of race, creed, or previous condition of servitude.
Compromise of 1877
Resolves disputed election of 1876, in which Rutherford B. Hayes becomes president. Hayes agrees to remove Union troops from the South, thus ending Reconstruction.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court legalized segregation in this separate but equal ruling.
Booker T. Washington
Founded Tuskegee Institute to provide vocational training to African Americans. Believed training more important than equality.
Atlanta Compromise
Agreement between Booker T. Washington and Southern white leaders that Southern blacks would work meeklyand submitto white political rule, while Southern whites guaranteed that blacks would receive basic educationand due process of law.
George Washington Carver
Worked at Tuskegee Institute developing new crops to aid poverty-stricken cotton farmers.
W.E.B. DuBois
Promoted “Talented Tenth” of well educated African Americans who would emerge as leaders. Co-founder of NAACP, wanted equal rights and educational opportunities for all African Amer. Much more militant.
Marcus Garvey
Led Back to Africa movement. Wanted to return African Americans to homeland of their ancestors. Promoted Black Nationalism.
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
Devoted life to anti-lynching crusade. Strenuously objected to Booker T. Washington’s “accommodation” strategy. Co-founder of NAACP, but left it due to it not being militant enough.