You can use these terms and summaries for review, or print them out and cut them up and use them like we did in class as a timeline card sort. You may also want to use these to create flashcards for review.
Cards
Warren G. Harding
Advocated for a “return to normalcy” and shift back to isolationism
Assembly Line
Introduced by Henry Ford in 1913, led to mass production of a variety of products such as radios, refrigerators, and others but led to further marginalization of the skilled worker
Automobile
Changed living and dating patterns for those who could afford to buy. Led to some development of suburbs, although not as much as in the 1950s. Changed the lives of country folk by lessening the isolation of rural life. Farmers could now get to town to socialize and to market crops.
Installment Plan
encouraged consumers to “buy now, pay later.” A cultural shift to this philosophy changed American attitudes about debt and stimulated the economy but later played a key role in the depression of the early 1930s.
Flapper
young, pretty women, bobbed hair, raised hemlines, drank alcohol & smoked cigarettes, thought for herself and embraced new freedoms Great Migration
1920s African Americans were steadily moving out of the South to the Midwest and North to segregated neighborhoods in the cities of the Northeast and Midwest.
Push Factors in African American migration
Jim Crow discrimination Violence Poverty in the South
Pull Factors in African American migration
Job opportunities neighborhoods and businesses that catered to their community, a growing black middle class developed, cultural renaissance (Harlem Renaissance)
Harlem Renaissance
Brought recognition and pride to black artists, particularly musicians but also pointed out the second class citizenship they experienced
Harlem Renaissance
Langston Hughes and James Weldon Johnson Louis Armstrong & Duke Ellington
1920s Social Change Result of:
Industrialization Immigration Urbanization- By 1920s more than half of American population lived in cities Emphasis on science Experience during WWI
19th Amendment
Suffrage for women
Xenophobia
Intense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries
Post WWI factors leading to labor unrest
high inflation job competition from returning veterans & current workers end of wartime concessions
Red Scare
Promotion of widespread fear by a society or state about a potential rise of communism, anarchism, or radical leftism.
Red Scare
Fear caused by workers’ strikes, bolshevism, & bombs led to this
Palmer Raids
Police without warrants raided the headquarters of Communists in 33 cities Government arrested 4,000 alleged communists who were held without bond Hundreds of aliens were deported
African Americans, radicals, immigrants, and Catholics
Groups that were targeted by the new Ku Klux Klan
Immigration Act of 1924
Established a system of national quotas which limited the number of immigrants from each country
18th Amendment
Established Prohibition
21st Amendment
Repealed Prohibition
Bootlegging
Make, distribute, or sell (such as liquor) illegally
Speakeasies
an illicit liquor store or nightclub that sold alcohol during prohibition
Scopes Trial A biology teacher in Tennessee deliberately violated a state law forbidding anyone to teach the theory of evolution. He did this as a test case. He was arrested and defended in trial by the American Civil Liberties Union.
Okies
Migrant workers who roamed the country searching for work
Buying on Margin
Investors were allowed to borrow on the paper value of their stock in order to buy more
Black Tuesday Stock market crash on Oct. 29, 1929, symbolizing the end of the false prosperity of the 1920s.
The Federal Reserve in the early 1920s:
Pursued easy credit policies Charged low interest rates on loans, which helped to fuel stock market speculation mania
The Federal Reserve in the late 1920s
Initiated a tight money strategy to curb stock market speculation Discouraged lending by charging higher interest rates Tightened money supply even more after crash, making it harder to limit effects of crash
Herbert Hoover
Urged confidence in the markets and announced that “prosperity was just around the corner.” He advocated the American value of “rugged individualism”
Bonus Army
In the summer of 1932, thousands of unemployed World War I veterans and their families set up camps in Washington, D.C., to demand early payment of the bonus promised to them for their war service. When denied, they refused to leave town. Hoover called out the US Army to break up the camps and disperse the veterans.
Goals of the New Deal
Relief, Recovery, & Reform Roosevelt’s initial purpose in the New Deal was to
stabilize the economy, help it recover, & relieve human suffering
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Insured savings accounts in banks approved by the government up to $5000 & gave more power to the Federal Reserve to control speculation on credit
Emergency Banking Act of 1933
Closed the nation’s banks for a bank holiday. Closing the banks stopped the escalating collapse of the banking industry.
Securities Exchange Act (1934)
Created the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC placed regulations on the stock market to prevent the conditions that led to the stock market crash.
“Pump priming”
The stimulation of the economy through investments.
AAA Farmers were paid to grow certain crops and were given subsidies to not plant so many crops. This also addressed the traditional problem of overproduction and low prices stabilized farm prices and raised farm income hurt sharecroppers and tenant farmers by taking some farmland out of production
CCC Provided jobs to young men to plant trees, build bridges, parks, schools, hospitals & air fields, & set up flood control projects
TVA Built dams to provide cheap electric power to seven southern states; set up schools and health centers. One of several rural electrification projects provided jobs for thousands of people brought electricity to many people
WPA
Employed men and women as artists, writers, & musicians & established a precedent for federal support of the arts.
Criticism of the New Deal on the Left (workers & laborers)
Not doing enough to redistribute income Not doing enough to help the elderly and poor Labor Unions demanded recognition of their right to bargain collectively
Criticism of the New Deal on the Right (wealthy business owners)
Too expensive Too socialist FDR was taking too much power for the executive branch
FDR’s Court Packing Plan
Proposed plan to increase the size of the Supreme Court after the Court overturned several pieces of New Deal legislation. Was to increase number of justices from 9 to 15
SSA
Formed a national insurance policy for the unemployed, the disabled, the elderly, & dependent children. Workers would pay into the plan for protection against unemployment as well as for retirement.
Fair Labor Standards Act
Set a minimum wage (originally $0.25/ hour) & a maximum work week (originally 44 hours)
Fair Employment Practices Act / Wagner Act
Guaranteed the right to form unions and to practice collective bargaining
Black Cabinet
Group of informal policy advisors that were called upon by Franklin & Eleanor Roosevelt throughout Franklin’s tenure as president